{"version":1,"source":"culture_notes.dart + 月令七十二候（通行名）","updated":"2026-10-24","sectionLabels":{"aka":"别称","time":"节气时间","meaning":"代表寓意","climate":"气候特点","health":"节气养生","hou":"节气三候","food":"风俗食物","folk":"民俗文化"},"terms":{"立春":{"name":"立春","aka":["岁节","打春","咬春"],"longitude":315,"meaning":"冬尽春来，阳气初升；二十四节气之首，亦常被视为岁序更始的民俗节点。","climate":"气温回升但仍乍暖还寒；东风解冻，地表开始回暖，南北温差大。","health":"起居由「闭藏」渐转「生发」；宜早睡早起，饮食清淡、少辛辣厚腻，防倒春寒。","hou":[{"name":"东风解冻","desc":"东风送暖，冰冻渐融。"},{"name":"蛰虫始振","desc":"冬眠昆虫开始苏醒蠕动。"},{"name":"鱼陟负冰","desc":"鱼上游近冰层，河开在即。"}],"food":"民间有咬春（春饼、萝卜等）习俗，意在迎春尝新。","folk":"劝农、打春牛等地方风俗；文人常以此日感叹岁序与新年气象。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时民俗通说","note":"二十四节气之首。古人观「东风解冻、蛰虫始振」，标志着阳气回升、春耕将始。立春既是天文节气，也被视为岁首民俗节点之一。","detail":"立春在天文上接近太阳黄经 315°，标志冬季结束、春季开始。\n《月令七十二候集解》记三候：东风解冻、蛰虫始振、鱼陟负冰，描述大地回暖的过程。\n农耕社会以立春劝农，地方曾有「打春」「咬春」等习俗，提醒备耕与饮食调养。\n文人亦常以此日感叹时光与岁序，诗文中「立春」几乎等同于「新年气象」的文化符号。\n今日仍可作为亲近自然、规划春日生活的节点，重在知时令、惜光阴，而非占验吉凶。"},"雨水":{"name":"雨水","aka":["雨生百物之初"],"longitude":330,"meaning":"降水渐多、地气通畅，草木萌动，春耕准备进入关键期。","climate":"降雪减少、降雨增多；湿度上升，土壤墒情改善。","health":"注意湿气与乍暖还寒；护脾祛湿，少食生冷，适量运动促进气血运行。","hou":[{"name":"獭祭鱼","desc":"水暖鱼游，水獭捕鱼曝于岸。"},{"name":"候雁北","desc":"大雁北归。"},{"name":"草木萌动","desc":"草木芽叶开始萌发。"}],"food":"部分地方有接寿、以粥饼等时令饮食调养的习俗。","folk":"春雨贵如油的农谚；亲族往来、岁首余韵中的地方风俗。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；农谚","note":"此时降水渐多，草木萌动。农谚有「雨水到来地气通」，提醒人们关注土壤回暖与春播准备。","detail":"雨水时太阳黄经约 330°，气温回升、降水形式由雪转雨的概率增大。\n物候有「獭祭鱼、候雁北、草木萌动」等记载，说明江河解冻、候鸟北归、植物复苏。\n农谚强调「春雨贵如油」，此时土壤墒情对播种至关重要。\n民间亦有接寿、回娘屋等地方风俗，体现亲族往来与岁首余韵。\n理解雨水，重点在观察天气与农事节奏，体会古人对「水」如何滋养万物的朴素认识。"},"惊蛰":{"name":"惊蛰","aka":["启蛰"],"longitude":345,"meaning":"春雷始鸣，蛰虫惊醒；生命重新活跃，春耕大忙将近。","climate":"气温波动中上升；雷雨渐多，空气对流增强。","health":"肝气易动，宜疏肝理气；防过敏与呼吸道不适，起居仍防寒暖交替。","hou":[{"name":"桃始华","desc":"桃花始开。"},{"name":"仓庚鸣","desc":"黄鹂开始鸣叫。"},{"name":"鹰化为鸠","desc":"古人以物候记时的象征说法，喻春鸟活跃。"}],"food":"部分地区有吃梨等地方习俗（民俗心理，非科学断言）。","folk":"「春雷响、万物长」；旧俗打小人等地方说法属驱邪祈安民俗。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"春雷始鸣，蛰伏昆虫苏醒。惊蛰在农业上意味着春耕大忙将近，民间亦有「春雷响、万物长」的岁时记忆。","detail":"惊蛰约当太阳黄经 345°，春雷始鸣，蛰伏已久的昆虫被惊醒。\n三候常记「桃始华、仓庚鸣、鹰化为鸠」，一片春意喧闹。\n农事上惊蛰后春耕加速，施肥、整地进入关键窗口。\n旧俗有「打小人」、吃梨等地方说法，多属驱邪祈安的民俗心理，不必当作科学断言。\n今日可读作：倾听雷声、留意虫鸣花开，感受生命重新活跃的季节信号。"},"春分":{"name":"春分","aka":["日中","日夜分"],"longitude":0,"meaning":"昼夜几乎等长，阴阳相半；春季的天文中点，强调「均平」。","climate":"冷暖空气交汇频繁；南北气候差异更明显，雷电渐多。","health":"顺应昼夜平衡，起居饮食由闭藏转向生发；保持作息规律。","hou":[{"name":"玄鸟至","desc":"燕子归来。"},{"name":"雷乃发声","desc":"春雷正式响起。"},{"name":"始电","desc":"始见闪电。"}],"food":"竖蛋等传说相关的节令趣味；饮食宜平和、新鲜时蔬。","folk":"古代祭日等仪式传说；农事播种与田间管理并进。","citation":"《月令》物候；天文节气通说","note":"昼夜几乎等长，阴阳相半。古人以「玄鸟至、雷乃发声」记物候，并有竖蛋、祭日等春分习俗传说。","detail":"春分太阳直射赤道附近，昼夜几乎等长，是春季的天文中点。\n《月令》以「玄鸟至、雷乃发声、始电」记物候，燕子归来、雷电渐多。\n古代有祭日、竖蛋等传说与仪式，强调「均平」观念。\n农事进入繁忙：播种、田间管理并进，南北气候差异也在此时更明显。\n春分提醒人们顺应昼夜平衡，起居饮食渐渐由「闭藏」转向「生发」。"},"清明":{"name":"清明","aka":["行清","三月节"],"longitude":15,"meaning":"气清景明；既是节气，也是慎终追远的重要祭扫节日。","climate":"春色正盛，气温回升、降水适中；能见度高，「气清景明」。","health":"踏青舒展身心；情志宜疏，勿过悲过劳；注意花粉过敏。","hou":[{"name":"桐始华","desc":"桐花开放。"},{"name":"田鼠化为鴽","desc":"古物候记载，喻田间生态转换。"},{"name":"虹始见","desc":"雨后始见彩虹。"}],"food":"寒食遗风与青团、润饼等地方时令食品（因地而异）。","folk":"祭扫、踏青；寒食与清明长期并行后渐融合，追思与新生并存。","citation":"岁时文献；《月令七十二候集解》","note":"气清景明，既是节气也是重要祭扫节日。寒食与清明长期并行后渐融合，寄托慎终追远、感恩先人的人伦传统。","detail":"清明既是二十四节气，也是国家级传统节日，气清景明而得名。\n物候有「桐始华、田鼠化为鴽、虹始见」等描写，春色正盛。\n寒食与清明长期并行后渐融合，祭扫、踏青成为主流习俗。\n它承载慎终追远的人伦情感，也鼓励亲近山水、舒展身心。\n阅读清明文化，宜把握「追思」与「新生」并存的双重主题。"},"谷雨":{"name":"谷雨","aka":["雨生百谷"],"longitude":30,"meaning":"雨生百谷：春雨滋润，利于谷物生长；春季最后一个节气。","climate":"雨水充沛，湿度大；北方播种、南方多雨，防涝防旱并重。","health":"健脾祛湿；少油腻，可饮谷雨茶等时令饮品（民俗趣味）。","hou":[{"name":"萍始生","desc":"浮萍开始生长。"},{"name":"鸣鸠拂其羽","desc":"斑鸠频频振羽。"},{"name":"戴胜降于桑","desc":"戴胜鸟见于桑林。"}],"food":"采茶、新茶；部分地区有食用香椿等春末时鲜。","folk":"赏牡丹、谷雨茶等春末风俗；春事收束、夏令渐近。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；农谚","note":"「雨生百谷」。此时雨水充沛，利于谷物生长；民间亦有采茶、赏牡丹等与春末相关的风俗记载。","detail":"谷雨取「雨生百谷」之意，太阳黄经约 30°，春雨滋润作物。\n三候如「萍始生、鸣鸠拂其羽、戴胜降于桑」，水生植物与鸟类活动频繁。\n北方播种、南方采茶赏牡丹，都与此时令密切相关。\n农谚多提醒防涝防旱并重，体现精细农事经验。\n谷雨是春季最后一个节气，此后进入立夏，春事收束、夏令渐近。"},"立夏":{"name":"立夏","aka":["夏节"],"longitude":45,"meaning":"夏季开始；万物繁茂，田间进入高温前的关键管理期。","climate":"气温明显升高，雷雨增多；虫鸣与藤蔓生长加快。","health":"注意防暑准备与作息调整；饮食清淡，午间可小憩。","hou":[{"name":"蝼蝈鸣","desc":"蝼蛄等开始鸣叫。"},{"name":"蚯蚓出","desc":"蚯蚓出土活动。"},{"name":"王瓜生","desc":"王瓜等藤蔓作物生长。"}],"food":"尝新（樱桃、青梅等地方时鲜）；部分地区有吃立夏蛋等习俗。","folk":"称人、尝新等习俗，用以感受体重与时令变化。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"夏季开始。古有「蝼蝈鸣、蚯蚓出」等物候，民间亦有尝新、称人等习俗，用以感受季节转换。","detail":"立夏标志夏季开始，太阳黄经约 45°。\n物候有「蝼蝈鸣、蚯蚓出、王瓜生」，虫鸣与藤蔓生长加快。\n民间尝新、称人等习俗，意在感受体重与时令变化。\n农事上夏收夏种衔接，田间管理进入高温前的关键期。\n立夏提示人们注意防暑准备与作息调整，以平稳进入盛夏。"},"小满":{"name":"小满","aka":["麦渐满"],"longitude":60,"meaning":"夏熟作物籽粒渐满而未全熟，重在「满而未溢」。","climate":"南方雨水增多需防渍；北方干热风风险上升，田间湿度变化大。","health":"防湿热；清淡饮食，适量饮水，避免暴饮冷饮。","hou":[{"name":"苦菜秀","desc":"苦菜繁茂。"},{"name":"靡草死","desc":"喜阴柔草枯萎。"},{"name":"麦秋至","desc":"麦类进入收获季节。"}],"food":"以新麦、时蔬为主的清淡膳食；忌过食生冷油腻。","folk":"农事水肥管理、防病虫害的关键窗口；体现物候精细观察。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；农耕通说","note":"麦类等夏熟作物籽粒渐满但未全熟。小满提醒田间管理进入关键期，体现农耕文明对物候的精细观察。","detail":"小满指夏熟作物籽粒渐满而未全熟，重在「满而未溢」。\n物候如「苦菜秀、靡草死、麦秋至」，草木代谢与麦收节奏交织。\n农事强调水肥管理、防病虫害，为麦收做最后准备。\n南方雨水增多，亦需防渍。\n小满体现古人对作物成熟过程的细致观察，是农耕文明的时间智慧。"},"芒种":{"name":"芒种","aka":["忙种"],"longitude":75,"meaning":"有芒之谷可种可收；农事极忙，仲夏将至。","climate":"高温高湿，梅雨带推移（江淮等地）；雷雨频繁。","health":"劳作与休整并重；防中暑、防皮肤湿气，保证睡眠。","hou":[{"name":"螳螂生","desc":"螳螂出现。"},{"name":"鵙始鸣","desc":"伯劳开始鸣叫。"},{"name":"反舌无声","desc":"部分鸟类少鸣，古人记为物候。"}],"food":"清暑饮品、时令瓜果；避免过食厚味。","folk":"送花神等节俗传说；收麦、插秧、播种交错，南北农事差异大。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"有芒谷物可种可收，农事极忙。古称「忙种」，民间亦流传送花神等节俗，标志仲夏将至。","detail":"芒种「有芒之谷可种可收」，农事极忙，故又称「忙种」。\n三候多见「螳螂生、鵙始鸣、反舌无声」等夏日物象。\n送花神等节俗传说，表达对春日繁华消歇的感怀。\n南北农事差异大：收麦、插秧、播种交错进行。\n芒种提醒：抓住时令窗口，劳作与休整并重。"},"夏至":{"name":"夏至","aka":["日长至","夏节"],"longitude":90,"meaning":"白昼最长，阳极而阴生；盛极而转，知进知止。","climate":"高温强日照；对流性强，局部暴雨雷电。","health":"清淡饮食、午间小憩；避烈日，补水，勿过度贪凉。","hou":[{"name":"鹿角解","desc":"鹿角脱落（古物候）。"},{"name":"蜩始鸣","desc":"蝉开始鸣叫。"},{"name":"半夏生","desc":"半夏等植物生长。"}],"food":"面条、凉面等地方夏至食俗；清暑汤羹。","folk":"古人祭地、消暑；半年度农事节点，防旱涝与高温。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；天文节气通说","note":"一年中白昼最长。古人祭地、消暑，并以「蝉始鸣」等物候记时；夏至也是传统半年度农事节点。","detail":"夏至白昼最长、阳极而阴生，是重要的天文节点。\n古人祭地、消暑，并以「蝉始鸣」等物候记时。\n半年度农事节点：作物生长旺盛，需防旱涝与高温。\n传统养生强调清淡饮食、午间小憩。\n夏至文化核心是「极」与「转」：盛极而转，知进知止。"},"小暑":{"name":"小暑","aka":["暑之始盛"],"longitude":105,"meaning":"暑气渐盛而未至极；盛夏序曲。","climate":"温风至，雷雨增多；湿热加重。","health":"提前做好防暑与作息；饮食卫生，可饮伏茶类清暑饮。","hou":[{"name":"温风至","desc":"热风出现。"},{"name":"蟋蟀居宇","desc":"蟋蟀栖于壁宇。"},{"name":"鹰始鸷","desc":"鹰开始习搏击（古物候）。"}],"food":"绿豆汤、凉茶等消暑饮食；少油炸。","folk":"田间灌溉与巡查；注意雷雨安全与排涝。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》","note":"暑气渐盛而未至极。温风至、蟋蟀居壁，人们开始注意防暑与田间灌溉，属盛夏序曲。","detail":"小暑暑气渐盛而未至极，温风至、蟋蟀居壁。\n农事重灌溉、防暑与田间巡查。\n民间开始饮伏茶、注意饮食卫生。\n雷雨天气增多，安全与排涝同样重要。\n小暑是盛夏序曲，宜提前做好防暑与作息安排。"},"大暑":{"name":"大暑","aka":["暑之极"],"longitude":120,"meaning":"一年最热时段之一；酷热中已隐含转凉的期待。","climate":"土润溽暑、大雨时行；高温高湿，旱涝急转。","health":"清淡、补水、避烈日；中午减少户外暴晒，防中暑。","hou":[{"name":"腐草为萤","desc":"萤火虫出现（古物候说法）。"},{"name":"土润溽暑","desc":"土地潮湿，暑气蒸腾。"},{"name":"大雨时行","desc":"暴雨时常发生。"}],"food":"饮伏茶、清暑汤；晒伏姜等民俗食材（因地而异）。","folk":"晒伏、抗旱排涝；民间应对酷暑的生活经验。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；伏日民俗","note":"一年最热时段之一。土润溽暑、大雨时行，农家忙于抗旱排涝，亦有饮伏茶、晒伏等民俗。","detail":"大暑常为一年最热时段之一，土润溽暑、大雨时行。\n农家忙于抗旱排涝、保护作物。\n晒伏、饮伏茶等民俗，体现民间应对酷暑的生活经验。\n高温天气对人身健康影响大，传统强调清淡、补水、避烈日。\n大暑过后立秋将至，酷热中已隐含转凉的期待。"},"立秋":{"name":"立秋","aka":["秋节之始"],"longitude":135,"meaning":"秋气始至；由热转凉，强调收敛与收藏。","climate":"凉风渐至，但仍可能「秋老虎」；早晚温差开始显现。","health":"不可骤然忽略防暑；饮食由清凉渐转平和，勿过食生冷。","hou":[{"name":"凉风至","desc":"凉爽的风开始出现。"},{"name":"白露降","desc":"清晨露水渐显。"},{"name":"寒蝉鸣","desc":"寒蝉鸣叫。"}],"food":"「贴秋膘」等饮食调理传统（适量进补，勿暴食）。","folk":"收获准备；晚稻与秋作物管理关键。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"秋气始至。凉风至、白露降，古人以「贴秋膘」等习俗调理饮食，标志由热转凉的季节转换。","detail":"立秋标志秋季开始，凉风至、白露降等物候渐显。\n「贴秋膘」等习俗反映由热转凉时的饮食调理传统。\n农事进入收获准备，晚稻与秋作物管理关键。\n天气上仍可能「秋老虎」，不可骤然忽略防暑。\n立秋文化强调收敛、收藏，与春季「生发」相对。"},"处暑":{"name":"处暑","aka":["暑气止"],"longitude":150,"meaning":"「处」有止意，暑气渐消，天地始肃。","climate":"暑热消退，早晚温差加大；天高气爽渐显。","health":"添衣与作息调整；养生转向收敛，保护呼吸道。","hou":[{"name":"鹰乃祭鸟","desc":"鹰捕鸟（古物候）。"},{"name":"天地始肃","desc":"天地气象转肃。"},{"name":"禾乃登","desc":"庄稼成熟可收。"}],"food":"鸭子等处暑食俗（部分地区）；时令果蔬。","folk":"祭祖、出游等记载；诗词中秋意转浓。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"「处」有止意，暑气渐消。天地始肃，农作物进入成熟期，民间亦有祭祖、出游等处暑习俗记载。","detail":"处暑「处」有止意，暑气渐消，天地始肃。\n农作物进入成熟期，民间有祭祖、出游等记载。\n早晚温差加大，添衣与作息调整开始重要。\n诗词中秋意转浓，肃杀与清朗并存。\n处暑提醒：暑去秋来，劳作与养生都要转向「收敛」。"},"白露":{"name":"白露","aka":["露凝而白"],"longitude":165,"meaning":"夜凉露凝，鸿雁南飞；收获与添衣的信号。","climate":"昼夜温差大；露重，秋高气爽，干燥感增强。","health":"添衣防凉；润燥养肺，少辛辣燥热，防呼吸道不适。","hou":[{"name":"鸿雁来","desc":"大雁南飞到来。"},{"name":"玄鸟归","desc":"燕子南归。"},{"name":"群鸟养羞","desc":"鸟类储备食物。"}],"food":"白露茶等地方饮俗；润燥的时令饮食。","folk":"「兼葭苍苍」等诗意象；农家忙于收储。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；诗词岁时","note":"夜凉露凝，鸿雁南飞。白露是收获与添衣的信号，诗词中常见「兼葭苍苍」等秋露意象。","detail":"白露夜凉露凝，鸿雁南飞，是明显的秋季信号。\n收获与添衣并提，农家忙于收储。\n「兼葭苍苍」等诗意象与白露季候紧密相连。\n温差大，呼吸道与关节需注意防护。\n白露之美，在于清露、秋空与迁徙候鸟共同构成的时令画卷。"},"秋分":{"name":"秋分","aka":["日夜分","宵中"],"longitude":180,"meaning":"昼夜再次平分；强调「平」与「成」，收获与收敛。","climate":"秋高气爽，降水减少；「雷始收声」，水气渐收。","health":"生活节奏由张转弛；起居平和，防秋燥。","hou":[{"name":"雷始收声","desc":"雷声渐止。"},{"name":"蛰虫坯户","desc":"蛰虫培修洞穴备冬。"},{"name":"水始涸","desc":"水位开始消退。"}],"food":"与中秋相近时的月饼团圆食俗常相互映照。","folk":"古人祭月、劝农；秋收高潮，晒粮储藏。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；天文节气通说","note":"昼夜再次平分。古人祭月、劝农，并以「雷始收声」记物候，强调收敛与收获的时令意义。","detail":"秋分昼夜再次平分，古人祭月、劝农，强调「平」与「成」。\n物候有「雷始收声、蛰虫坯户、水始涸」等。\n秋收进入高潮，储藏与晒粮传统深厚。\n中秋常近秋分，团圆与时令相互映照。\n秋分提示阴阳再平衡，生活节奏宜由张转弛。"},"寒露":{"name":"寒露","aka":["露气寒冷"],"longitude":195,"meaning":"露气转寒，菊有黄华；深秋气息浓。","climate":"气温下降加快；晨凉显著，霜意渐近。","health":"防寒保暖提上日程；养阴润燥，适度进补勿过燥。","hou":[{"name":"鸿雁来宾","desc":"后到的雁群为「宾」。"},{"name":"雀入大水为蛤","desc":"古物候象征说法。"},{"name":"菊有黄华","desc":"菊花盛开。"}],"food":"蟹、菊酒等赏菊时令饮食（因地而异）。","folk":"赏菊、登高；农事收储与备冬。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"露气转寒，菊有黄华。寒露后渐入深秋，农事侧重收储，亦有赏菊、登高等民俗传统。","detail":"寒露露气转寒，菊有黄华，深秋气息浓。\n农事侧重收储与备冬。\n赏菊、登高等民俗在此时更常见。\n气温下降加快，防寒保暖提上日程。\n寒露文化常与菊花、霜意、登高望远相连。"},"霜降":{"name":"霜降","aka":["见霜之候"],"longitude":210,"meaning":"见霜之时，草木黄落；秋收尾声，冬藏信号明确。","climate":"霜冻风险上升（尤北方）；昼夜温差大，干燥。","health":"进补与防寒并重；护关节、护呼吸道。","hou":[{"name":"豺乃祭兽","desc":"古物候记载。"},{"name":"草木黄落","desc":"草木叶黄飘落。"},{"name":"蛰虫咸俯","desc":"蛰虫伏地冬眠。"}],"food":"柿子、进补汤羹等霜降食俗（地方差异大）。","folk":"赏菊、进补；诗文多写肃杀与坚贞。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"见霜之时，草木黄落。霜降是秋收尾声，民间有进补、赏菊等习俗，亦提示防寒。","detail":"霜降见霜之时，草木黄落，秋收尾声。\n民间有进补、赏菊等习俗，亦提示防寒。\n北方霜冻风险上升，作物与设施需防护。\n诗文中霜降多写肃杀与坚贞。\n霜降既是物候终点之一，也是冬藏的明确信号。"},"立冬":{"name":"立冬","aka":["冬节之始"],"longitude":225,"meaning":"冬季开始；闭藏与积蓄，把一年收获安顿好。","climate":"水始冰、地始冻；气温显著下降。","health":"宜早卧晚起，顺应冬藏；温补适度，防燥热上火。","hou":[{"name":"水始冰","desc":"水面开始结冰。"},{"name":"地始冻","desc":"土地开始冻结。"},{"name":"雉入大水为蜃","desc":"古物候象征说法。"}],"food":"补冬进补（鸡鸭汤等地方食俗）；饺子等（部分地区）。","folk":"祭祖、补冬；农事转农闲与储藏。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"冬季开始。水始冰、地始冻，古人有祭祖、补冬等习俗，强调闭藏与积蓄能量。","detail":"立冬标志冬季开始，水始冰、地始冻。\n古人有祭祖、补冬等习俗，强调闭藏与积蓄。\n农事转入农闲与储藏，副业与手工艺传统活跃。\n起居宜早卧晚起，顺应「冬藏」。\n立冬提醒人们把一年收获安顿好，为来春蓄力。"},"小雪":{"name":"小雪","aka":["雪之始"],"longitude":240,"meaning":"气温下降，降雪开始但不盛大；冬意渐浓而未酷烈。","climate":"初雪轻盈；日照短，空气干燥寒冷。","health":"防寒、护肤润燥；腌制与储藏期注意饮食卫生。","hou":[{"name":"虹藏不见","desc":"虹很少出现。"},{"name":"天气上升地气下降","desc":"天地之气闭藏。"},{"name":"闭塞而成冬","desc":"万物闭塞，正式入冬藏。"}],"food":"腌菜、腊味筹备的序曲；温热饮食。","folk":"农闲储藏；年节筹备渐起。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》","note":"气温下降，降雪开始但不盛大。农事进入农闲与储藏阶段，「虹藏不见」记天象变化。","detail":"小雪气温下降，降雪开始但不盛大。\n「虹藏不见」等记载提示天象变化。\n农事进入农闲与储藏阶段。\n民间注重防寒、腌制与年节筹备序曲。\n小雪之美在于初雪轻盈，冬意渐浓而未酷烈。"},"大雪":{"name":"大雪","aka":["雪盛"],"longitude":255,"meaning":"雪量增大、寒意加深；严冬深入。","climate":"降雪概率与强度增加；路滑、冰冻需注意。","health":"进补与保暖；室内通风与加湿并重，防燥邪。","hou":[{"name":"鹖鴠不鸣","desc":"寒号鸟一类不再鸣叫（古名）。"},{"name":"虎始交","desc":"古物候记载。"},{"name":"荔挺出","desc":"荔挺（一种草）抽出（古物候）。"}],"food":"进补汤羹、围炉食俗；观雪时的热饮。","folk":"囤藏、赏雪；文人寄托洁净与坚忍。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"雪量增大、寒意加深。大雪前后农家忙于囤藏，亦有观赏雪景、进补等冬季生活传统。","detail":"大雪雪量增大、寒意加深。\n农家忙于囤藏，亦有观赏雪景、进补等传统。\n交通与出行需注意冰雪影响。\n文人爱写大雪，寄托洁净与坚忍。\n大雪是严冬深入的标志，亦是围炉闲读的好时节。"},"冬至":{"name":"冬至","aka":["日短至","冬节","亚岁"],"longitude":270,"meaning":"白昼最短，阴极而阳生；「一阳来复」，兼具天文与人伦意义。","climate":"进入一年中日照最短时段；其后数九寒天多由此起算。","health":"静养藏精；温补有度，忌大汗外泄；注意关节保暖。","hou":[{"name":"蚯蚓结","desc":"蚯蚓蜷结。"},{"name":"麋角解","desc":"麋角脱落（古物候）。"},{"name":"水泉动","desc":"水泉开始涌动，阳气初生。"}],"food":"北方饺子、南方汤圆等「冬至大如年」食俗，因地而异。","folk":"祭祖、团圆；古人极重此日，家庭伦理与回归年节点并存。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；「冬至大如年」通说","note":"一年中白昼最短。古人极重冬至，有「冬至大如年」之说，祭祖、吃饺子/汤圆等习俗流传广泛，兼具天文与人伦意义。","detail":"冬至白昼最短，阴极而阳生，古人极重此日。\n「冬至大如年」之说流传广，祭祖、吃饺子或汤圆等习俗因地而异。\n天文与人伦意义并存：既是回归年关键节点，也是家庭团聚的时刻。\n数九寒天多以冬至起算。\n理解冬至，在于体会「一阳来复」的希望与岁时循环的庄重。"},"小寒":{"name":"小寒","aka":["寒之始积"],"longitude":285,"meaning":"冷气积久而未至极；严冬中段，亦是临近新春的倒数。","climate":"寒冷加剧，雨雪冰冻；天气多变。","health":"防寒与年节筹备并行；饮食偏温补仍强调适度。","hou":[{"name":"雁北乡","desc":"雁开始北飞的物候记载。"},{"name":"鹊始巢","desc":"喜鹊开始筑巢。"},{"name":"雉始雊","desc":"雉鸡鸣叫。"}],"food":"温补粥羹；腊味年货渐备。","folk":"防寒与忙年序曲；注意冰雪出行安全。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》","note":"冷气积久而未至极。雁北乡、鹊始巢等物候出现，民间注重防寒与年节筹备。","detail":"小寒冷气积久而未至极，雁北乡、鹊始巢等物候出现。\n民间注重防寒与年节筹备。\n饮食偏温补，但仍强调适度。\n天气多变，雨雪冰冻需警惕。\n小寒是严冬中段，也是临近新春的倒数时令。"},"大寒":{"name":"大寒","aka":["寒之极"],"longitude":300,"meaning":"一年最冷时段之一；寒到极处，春已不远。","climate":"水泽腹坚；严寒顶峰，随后迎立春。","health":"继续闭藏保暖；扫尘办年货时注意劳逸，勿大汗受风。","hou":[{"name":"鸡始乳","desc":"鸡开始孵育。"},{"name":"征鸟厉疾","desc":"猛禽飞翔迅疾（古物候）。"},{"name":"水泽腹坚","desc":"冰层冻至最厚。"}],"food":"年味食材、腊味与汤羹；为新春蓄力。","folk":"扫尘、办年货进入高潮；闭藏之后便是生发。","citation":"《月令七十二候集解》；岁时通说","note":"一年最冷时段之一；寒到极处，春已不远。","detail":""}}}